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B (2 x 2 mm) has the lowest straight-passage pumping power among candidates passing the stated screening gates.","bulk_rise_k":23.99543126988621,"radial_verification":[{"radial_cells":16,"nu":4.3690438846152215,"relative_error_pct":0.12392235576550448},{"radial_cells":32,"nu":4.364991253518385,"relative_error_pct":0.031049559796336723},{"radial_cells":64,"nu":4.363975273389239,"relative_error_pct":0.007766681836729461},{"radial_cells":128,"nu":4.363721102766918,"relative_error_pct":0.001941938408545063}],"energy_relative_error":0,"checks_passed":true,"limits":"Analytical, constant-property, single-phase water screening. Equal flow and heat split in straight circular passages; uniform heat flux around the whole wetted perimeter. Temperature means wetted inner wall, not an external component. No CAD import, solid conduction, contact resistance, manifold/entry/bend losses, experimental validation or thermal CFD. Pressure is straight-passage friction only. Safety factors are explicit scenarios, not confidence intervals.","sources":[{"title":"NPTEL: internal forced convection, uniform wall heat flux and entrance lengths","url":"https://archive.nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/112108149/pdf/M6/M6TeacherSlides.pdf"},{"title":"Fitzpatrick: Poiseuille flow","url":"https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/336L/Fluidhtml/node136.html"},{"title":"NIST Chemistry WebBook: fluid property reference service","url":"https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/"}],"provenance":{"calculator_sha256":"f51913b75b2837c2e324a5d1823d5f22ef1d915e8bdd0292caa17499436ba7b5"},"guard_scenario":{"heat_multiplier":1.1,"thermal_flow_multiplier":0.9,"h_multiplier":0.8,"pressure_flow_multiplier":1.1,"viscosity_multiplier":1.2,"diameter_multiplier":0.98}}